How to know if gearbox oil is low

17 Sep 2024

How to know if gearbox oil is low

Gearbox oil is an essential vehicle lubricant that protects the internal components of the gear system. By reducing friction, and therefore heat, it protects your gearbox from wear and tear as well as unexpected, costly repairs. This means it’s important to stay on top of a maintenance schedule to prevent your gear oil from running too low. 

Here we’ll cover how to know if your gearbox oil is low, when to top up, and how to choose the right oil for your vehicle. 

When to change gear oil 

Taking your car to the mechanic for a gear oil replacement should be done occasionally to keep your gears running smoothly. Change intervals usually depend on the type of vehicle you have. 

General guidelines can be found below, but you should always check your vehicle handbook for more specific recommendations. 

When changing gear oil, you should have the filter replaced at the same time, and you should always change gear oil after repairing a gearbox leak. 

Manual Gearboxes 

Manual gear oil (or transmission fluid) should be changed every 30,000 to 50,000 miles (48,000-80,000 km).

Automatic Gearboxes 

If you drive an automatic, you only need to change your gear oil every 60,000-100,000 miles (96,000-160,000 km). 

Symptoms of having no oil in the gearbox

If your car is running unexpectedly low on gear oil, your transmission might fail to shift, or you might feel a grinding sensation while shifting. You might also find yourself missing gears. 

Low gear oils can cause irreversible damage to your gearbox, so it’s important to check it every few weeks as part of a routine vehicle maintenance schedule. 

How to check gearbox oil 

Even though the typical change intervals for gear oil are long, you should continue to check levels routinely in case of a leak. 

The following instructions are for checking the gearbox oil for a vehicle with a dipstick. Some cars have a sealed transmission system, which means you have to check the levels from underneath with a hydraulic lift. This is best done by your mechanic during a regular service. 

1. Park on a flat surface in an area where it is safe to do so. Leave the engine idling in neutral with the handbrake on for about five to ten minutes before switching the engine off. 
2. Once the engine is switched off, open the bonnet or hood and locate the gear oil dipstick. This might be found close to the back of the engine compartment, but consult your vehicle manual if you’re not sure.
3. Remove the dipstick and wipe it clean with a cloth before reinserting. 
4. Remove the dipstick again and check the oil level using the dipstick indicators. Most have a line that indicates how close to ‘full’ your gearbox fluid is. There may also be a ‘hot’ and ‘cold’ shaded area so you can check your level on both a hot and cold engine. 
5. If the fluid is running low, use a long-neck funnel to top it up with the advised gear oil for your vehicle. 

How to know if gearbox oil needs changing 

While checking your fluid levels, you should also check the colour to see if you need a gear oil replacement.

New gearbox oil is typically amber or light brown in colour, with a smooth texture. Overtime, as the oil ages and accumulates contaminants, it may turn darker brown or even black but should still flow easily and not feel gritty or have any visible particles suspended in it.

If the gearbox oil appears milky, has a burnt smell, or contains visible metal particles or sludge, it is likely time to change the oil. While darkening of the oil over time is normal, excessive darkening or any abnormal color, odour, or texture could indicate problems with the gearbox that require further inspection.

What gear oil do I need?

Your vehicle manual will specify what type of gear oil is suitable for your vehicle, and you should also be able to look it up on the manufacturer’s website. Be sure to use the right type for your specific car to enhance performance and prevent internal damage. 

How to change gearbox oil yourself 

Generally, we recommend seeking the support of a trained mechanic when the time comes to change your gear oil. However, if you have skills and experience in vehicle maintenance, you can do it yourself with the following steps:

1. Lift and support the vehicle with a jack. Locate the transmission fluid pan, which may have a drain plug in the centre of it.
2. Place a collection pan underneath and unscrew the drain plug, or remove the transmission pan entirely to allow the fluid to drain out. 
3. Remove the gasket and filter, and inspect the inside of the gearbox pan for any abnormally large metal fragments. These indicate a more serious problem with your gears. Small pieces of metal are normal and should be cleared out.
4. Install a new gasket and filter, and then replace the gearbox pan and drain plug. 
5. Refill your vehicle with the gear oil best suited to your vehicle as per your manufacturer’s recommendations. 
6. The owner’s manual should be able to tell you how much you need, so you can measure out the correct amount of gear oil, and then pour it in using a long-neck funnel. 
7. Let the oil settle before switching on the engine and running the vehicle for a few minutes.
8. Double-check the oil levels are correct as per the instructions above. 

Always read the manufacturer's instructions before attempting any repairs, and choose a quality engine oil lubricant from a trusted brand as per the recommendations. Dispose of used oil responsibly at a local oil bank or disposal centre.